The Unlikely Tragic Hero Essay Example for Free

The Unlikely Tragic Hero Es severalizeIn his essay on tragedy, Arthur moth miller once wrote the tragic feeling is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is ready to lay down his life, if take aim be, to secure one thinghis sense of personal dignity. This insightful view of the common mans exponent to be a tragic hero is emblematic of the female protagonist, Mrs. Alving, in Henrik Ibsens controversial drama Ghosts. In her fight to pull her family together and become the archetypal wife Mrs. Alving learns of lifes tragedies- she loses everything she loves and all she has built in the name of dignity.Regardless of the perverting internal effects on her psyche, Mrs. Alving protects and uphold her values. She respects marriage she knew her keep up was unfaithful, yet Mrs. Alving did not end the relationship as she wanted to uphold her marital vows. She recalls soon after, I heard Alving come in too. I heard him say something softly to her. And then I heard oh it still sounds in my ears, so hateful and yet so ludicrous I heard my own servant-maid whisper, Let me go, Mr. Alving Let me be (1.405). Though she fights to understand the truth, she has nobly held her tongue to palliate her boy and let her husband die honorably.Although she believes it is a bad idea to leave the newly built orphanage uninsured, she protects Manders from public indignation by complying with his anti insurance idea this becomes a regrettable decision when the orphanage burns down. She still respects Manders ability to function under the laws of society, but when he makes occupation of the ignominious progressive books she has been reading Mrs. Alving becomes defensive. She explains, here, in my loneliness, I have come to the same way of thinking, Pastor Manders. But I have never dared to say anything (1.351). While she has a strong belief in progressive ideas, Mrs. Alving would never shame her family by outwardly expressing them.Mrs. Alving respects her fam ily enough to realize they will be hurt if she does not hold everything together. She imparts only fond memories of Mr. Alving to her son Oswald and reminds him of the familial ties which they must live by. As Oswald refers to his father saying, and yet he managed to do so much in the world so much that was good and useful although he died so early the reader realizes how delusional his vision of his father is (1.295). profoundly obliged to both her son and her late husband, Mrs. Alving fights to cover up the truth of her marriage and provide the best for her son, striving to protect his innocence and morality. She believes she can drive home her son from anything, though as her marital situation worsened she could not put up the thought of keeping her son in such an environment, she explains I had to bear it for my little boys sake. But when the last insult was added when my own servant-maid then I swore to myself This shall come to an end (1.411). She did not want him to suffer from the actions of his father, thus she sends him abroad.Continually conflict to protect those around her, Mrs. Alving only hurts herself in the process. She invites Captain Alvings lovechild, Regina, to live and work in their home to ensure she receives a fair education. It is only later that she becomes aware(p) of her son and Reginas relations- an incestual relationship made possible by Mrs. Alvings kindness to the young Regina by letting her live in their home. In behaving under the social guidelines and ignoring her husbands nauseating actions, Mrs. Alving only pushed him further away. The absence of a faithful husband fixd a perpetual loneliness in Mrs. Alving and though she found peace of mind in sending her son Oswald abroad, his absence deva provinced her and their relationship would never be repaired.Plagued by the internal guilt of her husbands unfaithfulness, Mrs. Alving concludes that their environment pushed her to become the societal faade of a wife. By viewing life through societys vantage point, Mrs Alving became a dutiful wife, who unfortunately fell into the mechanic motions of a wifes day-to-day duties. Upon realizing her fault, she apologizes to her son saying, they had taught me a great traverse about duties and so forth, which I went on obstinately believing in.Everything was marked out into duties into my duties, and his duties, and I am afraid I made his home impossible for your poor father, Oswald(3.122). Mrs. Alving sees how she added to her husbands unhappiness and thus tries to make up for his wrongdoings. She dedicates the orphanage to him, even though he was unfaithful to her. She believes in showing respect, and making sure her husband is remembered in the light which others knew him. She believes she will have fixed everything once she rids herself and her family of the true memories of her husband.The morality of societys ability to coerce the family unit to function under traditionally unexceptionable conditions ha s been questioned throughout history. Henrik Ibsen enables his readers to become aware of the horrible truths that lie behind closed doors in his contentious 1881 Norwegian drama, Ghosts. Mrs. Alving suffers from the conflict between the external pressures of society battling what she believes is moral. Her societal training has taught her how to gracefully handle any situation- sweep your troubles under the rug and wait for them to creep out when you are most vulnerable.The tragic events she faces throughout this reanimate result in the domino effect which stems from the intricate web of society-pleasing lies she has spun since marrying Captain Alving. Eventually Mrs. Alving comes to the understanding that societal dignity is not a panacea ones ability to complete the tasks of a dutiful wife will not save a marriage, will not show a child love, nor will it create a fairytale ending. Mrs. Alving does not live happily ever after, rather she is left isolated. She will continue on in her dignified lonesome state of living.

Phillips International Essay Example for Free

Phillips International EssayPhillips International is exploring the possibility of reorganizing to focus more on its core health deal business, Phillips health. The keep company has cited two factors in support of this direction. First, the subject of health c argon has received more and more at 10tion across America in juvenile years. Second, it has become the mown(prenominal) area of beginth for Phillips. Because Phillips has made natural supplements a profitable enterprise and Americans are becoming increasingly sceptical of the medical/drugs complex, the company may well be poised to supply a unique increasing demand in America. PositioningMarketing gurus Jack Tr aside and Al Reis effected the ground-breaking advertising concept of positioning. In their text Positioning The Battle For Your Mind (McGraw Hill) they outlined what has become pretty much standard practice on capital of Wisconsin Ave. That is, through extensive survey and research establish the image and phr ase that fits a creneaux (French for niche) at heart the mind of consumers. The ideas is to break down identification with a coveted product to a simple image and/or phrase that resonates with the populace. Phillips motto Sense and Simplicity could well be the perfect starting point to baffle that positioning research.You can walk out on the street and perform your own informal survey. Ask any random working American what they would ilk to pass in a health care system as profit-driven toward cure (as opposed to prevention) and complex as ours and nine times out of ten you will get words attempting to express one that makes sense and is simple to apply. As Phillips has grown by adopting sense and simplicity as its corporate ending and external identifying motto, it makes sense for Phillips to learn and apply the fundamentals of marketing to enhancing that winning hand.The last thing Phillips should want to do is spend vast sums on whatever big shot advertising firm that tries to make something wholesome and basic into something slick and trendy. It is advised as a first step that those employed within Phillips for marketing, in-house folks, read the basics texts on positioning (including the Trout/Reis) secular and engage in their own surveys and research to determine how it might enhance its current marketability without radical changes. If it aint broke, dont try to fix it.Should Phillips want to engage outside professionals in the future, this initial study and research will put Phillips in a knowledgeable position that will go in maximum results for the least possible cost obtained from those professionals. Proceeding in this fashion will realise Phillips re-inforces, rather than loses, its clear, stable and identifiable position in its customers minds, when it embarks on its launching of new companies.Transformation of Health CarePhillips is interested in continuing to grow to the point it can contribute to, if not lead, a transformation of heal th care. on that point are two major hurdles to clear in effectuating such a transformation. The first, Phillips seems quite aware of already. Dr. Julian Whitaker put the problem very succinctly and frankly on Phillips Healths own web links, Our health press has gotten Dangerously Dumb Dr. Whitaker perhaps could have generalized more and been as accurate by removing health as adjective before press. Nonetheless, the result is the same. News, health and otherwise, has become so dummied down that any industry that relies on a well educated, relatively well-informed and free-thinking consumer base is fighting an ascending(prenominal) battle.This problem is exacerbated by the second hurdle that placed by the medical establishment and most particularly pharmaceutical manufacturers. No industry has a great advertising budget. It is so wealthy it also constitutes the most well-heeled lobbying network in Washington and state capitals across the U.S. The pharmaceutical industrys pletho ra of immediate pain relief products (both physical and mental pain) for already existing maladies requires the least understanding on the part of its potential consumers to create want. Therefore their billions in advertising fits hand-in-glove with the short attention span, and dummied down nature, of conventional, modern media. Phillips has experienced some success in clearing those hurdles by way of offering a number of its own more educated health publications.Yet, there is an existing vehicle that Phillips might explore to exponentially increase the reach of it message. That is the alternative media field. There are literally tens of thousands of independent, and in most cases, small local newspapers across America. They have increased in number coincident with the increase of the consolidation of traditional media by corporate take-over. Before Phillips dismisses the idea as an invitation to go counter-culture, it ought to consider four factors.First, alternative is a term th at has become increasingly mainstream. Certainly, during the sixties and seventies alternative was easily positioned with counter-culture. But since the eighties and into the new millenium the adjectival alternative has commonly been linked with such mainstream media as country music, comedy, mathematics, education, foods, radio and a military of other American activities and pasttimes. In seeming irony, even ultra conservative talk radio hosts refer to themselves as alternative news. Second, the readership of alternative news publications are predominantly free thinkers just the population who would be open to purchasing the types of health care products Phillips offers. Third, alternative news outlets are extremely inexpensive to further in. Fourth, alternative news publications often consist of contributed material (they cannot afford to retain full time reporters) so they are generally open to news material submitted to them. Particularly, when that news offers insight not a vailable on corporate media.Taking these four factors into consideration, Phillips may want to establish a writing unit that churns out high quality pieces on its wide array of product. The unit would establish a massive mailing list of alternative publications, in addition to slap-up health publications, that it regularly sends its material out to. You need not limit the work of such a reporting unit to alternative media. There are tens of thousands of local town newspapers that need material, and perhaps surprisingly are open to alternative ideas. Long TermIn the long-term, there are other potentially effective avenues of exploration to consider in creating a the transformation of health care. It is recommended Phillips conduct two studies in particular. Only a couple decades ago Chiropractors were wide considered quacks. Four decades ago the AMA and FDA were actively attempting to destroy the practice. Chiropractors, like preventative health supplement suppliers, exchange a ser vice that when practiced responsibly has the capability to preventing serious, enfeeble health conditions.Now, Chiropractors are covered on virtually all employee health insurance plans in America. Imagine if the full array of Phillips products, including those taken on a purely preventative basis, were covered in health plans, private and governmental. Ignorance, prejudice, and jealous competition are the only factors in the path of that reality. It is recommended Phillips study the history of Chiropractors to see how this health practice went from outlaw to mainstream in such a short period of time.There may be a number of lessons learned in terms of making a greater number of your products eligible for government support. The second recommended study is of the physical fitness industry. While Phillips Healths webpage shows an drive to engage the health field generally, it does not show a focus on fitness. Walk into any major gym these days, and you are likely to observe an adjo ining supplements shop. Natural supplements are discussed regularly among regular gym-goers, and it is a common topic in fitness magazines such as Mens Health and Mens Journal.Increasingly, those concerned with their own physical fitness are becoming more holistic in health outlook. They are looking for whole diets and vitamin and mineral supplements. Many are exercising in the first place because they want to attain the type of health standards many of Phillips products are aimed at achieving. From an aliens view, the watchword suggested is reinforce your gains. Isolate what you are doing that is right, and redouble that effort. Engage in expansion plans, and achieving visions for transformation, without upsetting your winning strategy.

Cambridge City A Great Place To Visit Tourism Essay

Cambridge City A Great Place To Visit Tourism EssayAs we utilize questionnaire in our research, and we asked different questions from 39 watchors in Cambridge metropolis centre for observing their opinions. Pie ch devices ar used to display results in visual form. every last(predicate) information gathered from construeors, converted in to pie charts and displayed above. Pie charts atomic number 18 cover opinions obtained from real visitors with the help of questionnaire.Very first question was about their general information. General information included nationality, age and occupation. Nationality asked from visitors. Among the 39 visitors, our sample, 44 percentage were womanish and 56 percent were male. Age of 41 percent were in between 18 to 30 years and 26 percent were in between 31 to 40 years. 12 percent were in between 41 to 40 and remaining were above 41.Question about occupation, 36 percent visitors said that they are currently unemployed and 31 percent visitors w ere students. 10 percent were businessmen and outside the Cambridge and 21 percent are doing job anywhere. 13 visitors out of replete(p) 39 said that they are visiting very first time Cambridge and 9 visitors sad they have second trip. 6 visitors said they have tercet trip and 11 visitors are enjoying their fourth or more trip.In the question in which type were asked, 33 percent were enjoying their independent trip and on the button 18 percent said they were with their friends and family. Large factor of visitors, 31 percent, were on their educational trip, trip to Cambridge University, ant 13 percent visitors were on business trip. How dogged they bide here? 13 percent said just for half day and 26 percent said for full day. 38 percent were active more than 2 days in Cambridge and 8 percent answered, non yet decided. In the question, what they do in Cambridge, 8 percent said enjoying sauceboat tour and 18 percent said they are enjoying weather by walk. 36 percent said they are here for train trip and 31 percent said on road. 2 percent use to spend time by horse carriage trip.What services they used in Cambridge? All visitors vote for sightseeing tour with 5 percent, local transportation with 20 percent, food and beverages with 31 percent, accommodation with 9 percent and 24 percent they consumed other facilities and services. Unique question, did they enjoy Cambridge? 92 percent, definitely, said yes. 8 percent respond with No, due to some occasions. Quality of services used, sober response seen in Cambridges favour. 0 percent vote for low quality, 8 percent vote for fair and 39 percent visitors said quality of services was good in Cambridge. 20 percent said quality of service was very good and 8 percent vote for excellent. 25 percent give no answer to this question.In the last, simple question were asked and that is will they visit Cambridge again? 58 percent, more than half of total visitors said yes of course they will surely visit. 28 percent said it depends on future conditions, they are not sure yet and 21 percent said you way, they are now finding new break up place for tour.With the help of questionnaire and other methods used in our research, Tourists motivation and experience towards Cambridge, different opinion collected from real visitors. Results showed that most of visitors are male, under 40 years age, students, employed and businessmen, and visiting Cambridge for more than 2 time and willing to revisit it again. Reasons behind these answers are somehow related to culture and nature of Cambridge. Cambridgeshire is noteworthy for University initially and then city of engineering. Students like to visit the university and more than 25,000 students are resident of Cambridge. University of Cambridge is included in worlds top five universities. Thats why major portion of visitors is consist of students in different area.Cambridge city is also famous for technology. Software and bioscience are core industries ope rated in Cambridge and thats the reason of business trips. All technology related organizations have offices and research centres in Cambridge. Meetings and convocations are being held in this city. Other reasons behind these results are games being held in Cambridge city. Cambridge city is famous for cricket, football, rugby, irrigate sports and varsity sports. Varsity sports are sports play under Cambridge University against different universities and have lots of attractiveness for the visitors inside and outside the Cambridge city. Strawberry flavour music and art festival are also reason behind motivations for the visitors coming in Cambridge.Questions about services used in Cambridge and quality of used services assign that visitors like the way they enjoy in Cambridge and they liked food, transportation system and accommodations in Cambridge and they selected these services and facilities as a good quality services. This is also reason behind the motivation of being visited Cambridge again and again and some visitors visited Cambridge for more than 4 times due to facilities provided here. Cambridge skyline, Quayside, Silver Street, Kings Parade and Trinity Street, places famous for trips in Cambridge and different festivals and events are also reasons behind the tours and trips in Cambridge.ConclusionFrom the questionnaire, what we collect from the real visitors and tourists is data of our research and. Conclusion bum be easily worn-out through or finding as reasons are simple and logical behind the motivation for tourism in Cambridge. Visitors are most likely, students, businessmen, sports lovers, independents, willing to stay here for longer period because of verity of services provide and quality of services used. Primarily there are some reasons visitors used for motivation to visit Cambridge. Results shown that visitors from different area have same characteristics and main factor forcing behind motivation is age and occupation of sample visito rs. Under 40 years are in large quantity visiting Cambridge and by occupation, students and businessmen are large art of tourist. People who are free also visit more Cambridge. University of Cambridge and industry of technology is main source of motivation for tourists. City of sports, festivals and events are also motivation for visitors and people who like picnic and visiting different places used these motivations for Cambridge.Question asked from sample visitors, did they like trip in Cambridge, showed the density of likeness Cambridge and question, will they visit again, showed the attractiveness of tourists toward the Cambridge. Overall, research helped to indicate the source of motivations behind the visit to Cambridge. One finding is, friends and family tours are more preferable from the tourist because of nature and culture of Cambridge city. Results indicate that tourists are more willing to use this place again for their trips and visits. Due to technological city, busine ss world compellingly need to have visit this place.RecommendationsCambridge city is a great place to visit for family tours, educational tours, sports and music lover. Cambridge is not place where you can find some historical places ad old thing. Cambridge is full of urban tourism and based on new beauty. As Cambridge city is famous for education and technology, government must take more steps to increase efficiency in these areas because people point of view about Cambridge is good and green. Events and festivals are another sources of motivation for tourists. Local authority should promote events in worldwide in order to increase the strength of visitors.Varsity sports can be used as another main source of motivation for tourists because varsity sports are included large numbers of games and there is need to launch them as a regional festival. From the evaluation of peoples opinion, most of them said that beside the spots, technology and educational motivation, there is also need to motivate children for tourism. Creating attractiveness for children and young generation can be great source of tourism.Improvement in facilities and supporting services can also help to increase the attractiveness of visitors. There is need to pattern for vocations in order to grape more visitors time and money. With beginning of 20th century, economy was rapidly growing so managing Cambridge is quite easy in advance of tourism. Use of different ideas in tourism plan, can influence in future. Entertainment companies can be used for attracting tourists.

HRM Department of British Airways (BA)

HRM Department of British atmways (BA)The following paper seeks to identify the homophile resource guidance part of the British Air ways. It shows the key HR activities of the British airways with reference to the two models of charitable resource. Moreover, it also evaluates and analyses the various HR planning and development classs implemented by the British airways. Fin eithery the paper concludes by juicylighting how the human resource is indicated and monitored. The report based on a case study and the majority of the discipline is taken from the case study.SUMMARYIn 19th century British Airways is the worlds largest international respiratory tract and one of the most successful organizations in the airline business. British Airways (BA) was created by the merger between BOAC and BEA in 1974. BA was non always been quite much successful. The smart set was going in loss and BA had life-threatening difficulties retaining customers in a competitive international airlin e industry. In 1980 BA recorded signifi backt losses and there was not much cyberspace to join the running expenses of the organization. As a matter of fact British Airways delayered their bureaucratic management supplys that were mostly Air force retired officers and replaced them by managers having experience in the go industry. For the achievement of success BA soak uped many syllabuss to come out of the organisations loss which changes the culture and environment of the company. These programmes were successful and many customers were attracted towards the airline, which resulted British Airways one of the worlds leading airline.HRM ACTIVITIESAlthough the British airways atomic number 18 seen to sire implemented numerous strategies to allow human resource development the following ar the three key areas where development is most significantly seen.Training and developmentReward managementPerformance appraisalTRAINING AND DEVELOPMENTBritish Airways has decided a signifi cant enthronization in dressing and development that would improve the organization image of Helpfulness. On the basis of research BA found out that customer are fit and dissatisfied with intimate and unfriendly, caring and uncaring behavior of staff. As a result of these research findings, BA faced the task of designing and facilitating a bringing up programme that would alter a total change in values and attitudes across the organization, particularly for staff that were exposed to customer contact. BA arranges several training and development programme for both new and old staff. These programme made much change in the behavior of the staff and due to which many customers were attracted towards this airline. British Airline recruited more staff, submit training to the new and developed the old staff for their excellent customer service. it can be clearly identifies that implementing these training programs prove to be extremely essential for the organization to attain t his objective of increasing the goodwill that the British airways had from the side of the customers. These programs also prove important to improve the revenue and sought to shrivel the boilers suit cost that the organization had. (Dessler, 2008)However, at the same time it is also important to note the fact that the success that British airline was not solitary(prenominal) and solely due to an increasing employee training but there were several other factors which were also important and contributed to the increasing revenue levels. One of the factors included meliorate legal and government conditions along with technological changes.BA has encouraged individual learning by providing wide employee access to two major learning programs.The first program is based upon principles of open learning it can finally lead to an MBA and provides a number of submitive stages and qualifications. The completion of each stage gives access to the neighboring qualification. The MBA awarded by the University of Bath.The second program Top Flight provides a series of Academies which are a number of development steps, designed to allow an individual to progress to an executive position.REWARD MANAGEMENTBritish Airline was motivating people with good remuneration package and rewards. They moving towards individually determined remuneration as head as both intrinsic and extrinsic benefits. They were giving standardized pay and also individual performance pay. The main proportion of salaried staff profits is based upon pay rates which are governed by a job evaluation grading system.There is also a company -wide performance link to bonus connive paid to all employees and there be possessed of been offers of free and discounted shares. BA has also introduced an opportunity for all employees to purchase tax free shares by means of a trust using their company performance bonus. BA pays standardized salary as vigorous as individual performance pay. They know that if emp loyees are satisfied they will give the best effort for the company success employees are start thinking that they are the part of company.So, it is clear that finished the training Development programme and good remuneration packages staffs provide the high quality customer services and would be more move to the company. Employees are more committed toward company for their remuneration package and rewards. And they go ahead to achieve the organization goal.PERFORMANCE APPARASIALPerformance appraisal measures the qualitative and quantitative aspects of job performance. An appraisal evaluates not only the employees performance but also his potential for development. The primary objectives of an appraisal are to assess past performance, to identify training needs, to set and agree on future objectives and standards, and to facilitate the achievement of these goals.Individual employee development is a part of a broader concern that BA has developed for the individual employee .As a part of the overall concern with organization culture, BAs philosophy has focused much more attention upon individual performance and this has led to the induction of a companywide -appraisal scheme. The main purpose of this scheme was to improve the relationship between reward and performance and this has reflected in a linked element of performance related pay.British airway has introduced performance related payments. olibanum the more efficiently each of the employees drills, the more exchangeablely it is for the organization to pay the individual worker a certain amount of payments. Moreover, there have been numerous and increasing companywide appraisal schemes introduced by the organization. Thus the harder and more the employee works, the more likely is it for the employee to earn a greater reward in the organization. Moreover, the amount of employees receiving remunerations on an individual basis is increasing at a radical rate at the organization. For instance the admi nistrative staff at the British airways has also started cosmos paid on the basis of their performance. (Armstrong, 2007)HRM MODELSMACTHING MODELHARVARD MODELMATCHING MODELThis model states that the HR systems and the organisation structure should be managed in such a way that is similar with the organisational strategy. This is the hard HRM which is interested only in making money or profit. It focussed on individual and organisational performance and focuss on managing human assets to achieve strategic goals. It explained that there is human resource cycle that consists of generic processes like organisational structure, kick and strategy, human resource management, selection, performance, appraisal, rewards and development. It is based upon strategic control, organisational structure systems for managing people. It requires that human resource strategies have a tight fit to overall of the business.Mission and strategyEconomic forcesCultural forcesOrganizational structureHuman resource managementMISSION AND STRATEGYMission means the specific target that the company wants to orbital cavity and strategy is the way by the company can reach their target. The mission of British Airways is to be the best and most successful airline in the world and the strategy is by providing high quality of customer service through resource planning which could not be easily duplicated.ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTUREThis means all the required things that needed to achieve the target. BA launched about programmes for their staff like putting people first, customer first campaign, managing people first, etc. They gave more powers to the line managers to take quick decisions and also break d sustain bureaucracy. They also provide some learning programmes like MBA and series of academies for their staff.HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMThis is related to the recruitment of new staff. BA replaced some managers which were Air hug retired persons with the staff with analytical skills o r the intellectual capacity rather than management experience in the service industries.HARVARD MODELThis model was developed by Beer et al in 1984. This is the soft model which aims at enhancing the commitment, quality and flexibility of employees. Soft model is also known as high commitment management. Here more responsibilities are devoted to the line managers for ensuring the alignment of competitive strategy and HR policies. This model is based upon individual influence, work systems, rewards and human resource scat and concentrate upon outcomes for people. Its main components are work system, human resources flow, rewards, stakeholder interests, situational factors, HRM policies choices, HR outcomes, long term consequences.Stakeholder interestsShareholdersManagementEmployee groupsGovernment community unionsHRM policy choicesEmployee influenceHuman resource flowReward systemWork systemHR outcomesCommitmentCompetence cost-effectivenessLong-term consequencesIndividual healthy- beingOrganizational effectivenessSocietal headspring-beingSituational factorswork force characteristicsBusiness strategy and conditionsManagement philosophyLabor marketUnionsTask technology laws and societal valuesIn Harvard model, extra powers and authorities are given to the line managers to fulfill organisations objective. This incorporate recruitment, selection, development and redundancy for the people in the organisation. Managers have to promise putting right employee at right place and in right time. To motivate productivity, Harvard Model suggested some rewards system to the employees, which include pay, bonus, free and discounted share, holidays, health insurance, empowerment, etc. This model includes long term consequences which refer to individual well beings. These incorporate individual interest, organisational competencies, and the need of the society and community as a whole. In this model, stakeholders are those persons who have interest or shares in the organisat ion. Situational factor includes workforce, push markets, union representation, laws, business environment, technology and work system these issues lead to the HRM policy choices of employee influence. Work system refers to the efficiency and productivity of work force to meet the organisational goal. For work to be done effectively, efficient communication channels and correct technology are needed. For this purpose, British Airways gave more powers and authorities to the line managers, so that there should not be any kind of delay and they can take quick decisions.HR Planning and Development MethodsFirstly British Airline tends to recruit on the basis of analytical skill and intellectual capacity rather than management experience in a service industry. They are always tried to ensure that staff would provide a consistent high quality service to customers an achieving efficient flight operations.Many managers had also joined the company from Royal Air Force. They recruit the perfe ct person and place them on exact position.Secondly, British Airline setup several training programs for both new and old staff. much(prenominal) asCustomer First Campaign to meet the customer needs.Putting nation First which was two day programme aimed at almost 20000 staff that had significant customer contact. This program was designed to persuade participants to examine their own existing values towards their passengers and where necessary to replace them with more helpful and supportive ones.Managing People first a one week residential training course. The programme was specifically designed to breakdown the bureaucracy. The bureaucracy had developed underlying values of collection, rationality, dependableness and system control.Finally British Airline pays good remuneration to employees and also gives both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. They plan to motivate people as well as make their assets. BA offers free and discounted shares. BA has also introduced a novel scheme w hich gives an opportunity for all employees to purchase tax-free shares through a trust using their company performance bonus.BA has encouraged individual learning by providing wide employee access to two major learning programs.The first program is based upon principles of open learning it can finally lead to an MBA and provides a number of progressive stages and qualifications. The completion of each stage gives access to the next qualification. The MBA awarded by the University of Bath.The second program Top Flight provides a series of Academies which are a number of development steps, designed to allow an individual to progress to an executive position.EvaluationBritish Airlines corporative objective is To be the best and most successful airline in the world. So to achieve this objective it makes huge investment on human resources. It recruits highly skill and intellectual people. BA replaces them with more helpful and supportive ones. It provides training on the basis of differ ent skills. It developed employees as more customer friendly, knowledgeable and efficient. They form trade union for welfare or participation of line staff on strategic plan of the company.BA pays standardized salary as well as individual performance pay. They know that if employees are satisfied they will give the best effort for the company success employees are start thinking that they are the part of company.So, it is clear that through the training Development programme and good remuneration packages staffs provide the high quality customer services and would be more committed to the company. And they go ahead to achieve the organization goal.HR Performances of British AirwaysIn seventies BA performances were disappointing, When BA had serious difficulties retaining customer in competitive international airline industry.In 1980 BA recorded significant losses. Before 1990 BA found shun attitude from passengers in a research. Customers were dissatisfied with customer BAs custom er services. For this reason BA redesign and restructure its Human Resources.BA makes huge investment on HR planning and HR performances. It setup many training and development program for line staffs and managers.It is hard to say how much impact the programme has had it is usually understood in training circles it is difficult to measure the value of training. However, British Airline believes that this programme has been successful, that a significant cultural change has been achieved at all levels of the organization, and that this cultural change has made a significant contribution to the steady improvement in the business performance.An extensive market research shown that customer have developed more positive attitudes towards service that they now receive as compared with the predominance of negative attitudes that were recorded in similar surveys conducted earlier in the 1990s.These satisfied customers must have an important factor in supporting BAs performance improve imp rovement.So its easily identified that with this HR planning and development, BA increases their HR performance that lead to the improvement of the organizations performance.On the other hand BA employees now more happy with remuneration and rewards. They are getting opportunities to learn through different training and qualification of MBA degree awarded by the University of Bath after competition of management training. They are getting basic pay as well as individual performance pay and scheme that benefited them more than the before.Through the trade union employees can participate on organization strategic decision. They can raise their voice against any critical issue of the company. That makes the employees happier.Employee turnover are less now than before .Employees are satisfied with their job description, responsibilities and working environment. Employees absenteeism is trim down significantly. They are now highly committed to the company success.Ways to improve HR perf ormancesIt is very difficult to suggest BA. Because they are the worlds largest passenger airlines company in the world and they have many intellectual people for hunting innovation idea and planning every moment.In spite of this practical situation some ways of improvement are described belowBritish airlines significant development is that they made a small HR strategy and planning division with some specialist people in the UK. It can be suggesting that if they integrated more people with this department and also spread not only in Europe, but also other continents where they are earning more. As a result same cultural people will provide customer service to their own customers. They can easily share their feeling and fulfill the needs of customer. Employee would be happy to serve same people as like they are.British airline can run different talent hunt programme for recruit their best fitted people. They can go to the college and university and pick up the best student those ar e very keen to learn and have creative ideas for the future excellent service both customer service and flight operation. BA can launch more training and development programme after certain time to compete with the competitors and updated technological knowledge. They have to push their employee towards extrinsic rewards to see happier.CONCLUSIONThus as highlighted by this paper, the British airways successfully manages the human resources department by an increasing amount of planning and organization. They also launched some learning programmes for the employees to do MBA and to reach at executive position. They mainly concentrated upon the improvement of delivering good customer service so that they can attract more customers and gain more profit with this they want to become the worlds most successful airline.At the end, I can say that it is crucial to use both soft and hard HRM in order to meet the organisational business requirement and to remain worlds most successful airline .

Brief Analysis Of Coca Cola And Pepsico Business Essay

Brief Analysis Of coca plant smoke And Pepsico Business EssayIntroductionThe gratify in corporate social certificate of indebtedness, sustain open air practice, corporate nerve, product line ethics, and integrity and compliance humansagement has grown markedly in the past decade (Waddock et al., 2002). It is non only stakeholders who expect companies to pay greater attention to norms, values and principles companies themselves be acknowledging the importance of creditworthy business sector practice (Waddock et al., 2002).But what are a accompanys responsibilities? It is wide recognized that we are in an surroundingsal crisis, no doubt about that. There is nearly unanimous agreement that the earth is getting warmer, and the consensus in the scientific community is that human activity, especially through activities that emit hydrocarbons, is the chief cause of climate change.Business ethic has become one of the strongest news stories of the past decade. antecedently renow ned companies such as WorldCom, Enron, Wal-Mart, Google and Starbuck spend a penny become link to a growing trend of un honest business behavior. Nevertheless the environmental issue has created a big impact on todays business organization.The EU has decreed that capitalism, and hence business practice within capitalism, should be environmentally sustainable. Financial success by it egotism is no longer sustainable therefore EU environmentally friendly business practices are considered a righteous norm and consequently a moral obligation.Although corporations are primarily business organization run for the benefits of the shareholders, they throw a wide range set of responsibilities, to their own employees, to the customers and suppliers, to the communities which are located, and to the society at large. near corporations recognize these responsibilities and make a serious trial to fulfill them.Analysis of Coca-Cola and PepsiCoCoca-colaThe Coca-Cola Companys website contains su fficient descend of information on their segments of corporate governance, ethic, environmental and sustainability issue.Corporate governanceCoca-cola has committed to pass on and enforce the establishment of the principles of corporate governance. Corporate governance that has been adopted by them is based on the belief that maintaining and improving management competency and the fairness and transparency of their corporate activities is of utmost importance.Ethic and Environmental SustainabilityCoca-cola detailed a couple of(prenominal) guidelines about utilization of peeing on their business operation. They develop few objectives which the main aims are to return the water safely to the communities and nature as what the company consumes for their beverage production. The website also stated their roles on encountering water-scares problem well-nigh the globe.The Companys Website and fountain Study RelationThe Coca-Cola Company and WWF had combined their strength together o n preserving nature mainly on conserving water. Several ideas and projects had been stated in order to emend global water efficiency. Focusing on the river Yangtze in China, their collaboration is vital because it is in line with their federation main objective.The partnership goal in the Yangtze is to shake demote governance and sustainable river management practices across the basin. Coca-Cola Companys website.The Coca-Cola Company and WWF initially planned on these three initiativesSupply Chain Working with the supplier in order to sustain agriculture mainly sugarcane, oranges and corn.Water Stewardship A fresh water conservation relating seven river basins including Yangtze River. The aim is to develop and implement comprehensive water stewardship plans that will serve as models for the Coca-Cola system.River Basin Conservation To conserve the seven key freshwater basins on which our partnership is focused which include Yangtze River.PepsiCoPepsiCo Companys website contain s an satisfactory amount of information on their segments of corporate governance, ethic, environmental and sustainability issue.Corporate GovernanceReferring to the website on corporate governance segment, PepsiCo has adopted strict corporate standards that govern their operations and ensures office of their actions. These corporate social responsibilities are also made as an integral part of their operations. The website of PepsiCo on corporate government segment detailed the corporate standards that have been strictly governed to guarantee the accountability of their action.Ethic and Environmental SustainabilityThe successful company in 2030 will be the one that recognizes the possible outcomes of the global crises we face, and one bustling and tenacious enough to embed this recognition into their strategy and business processes. INDRA NOOYI, PEPSICO CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, MAY 2009The statement by the CEO of PepsiCo above shows the fealty on preserving the env ironment hence numerous bms had been done by them for the past few years. Recently PepsiCo had released inaugural water report titled Water Stewardship dear for Business Good for Society which explain the companys commitment to safeguard and replenish water use in their operations thus provide a better environment for future generation. PepsiCo has proclaimed on their website regarding their goal and commitment to protect the Earths natural resources. PepsiCo state that their part as a dynamic global business operator, they will remain committed in minimizing the impact of their business on the environment.The Companys Website and Case Study RelationPepsiCo and China Womens Development Function had united their forces on one purpose, which is to provide a clean water supply and to solve potable water shortage especially in rural areas in China. PepsiCo al-Qaida had donated a sum of $ 1.5 million on Mother Water Cellars Project. The objective of the project was to design pilot wa ter supply systems in order to count water and at the same time the project aimed to solve the problem on the difficulties of people in rural area to obtain safe drinking water.Water CellarSketch of a water cellarThe main idea of the Water cellar is to accumulate rain and reserve the water for man and farm animals. It is also a kind of water-storing facility in Chinas rural areas.In relation on the case study, the PepsiCo has provide a huge-scale effort and this has been prove by the website and a report title Land of Love, Water Cellar for Mothers done for PepsiCo. They also had launched the project in 2000, and since then many another(prenominal) water cellars has been built.PepsiCo deliberate that the planet is for all human kind to share and is their obligation to be a good citizen to the world. This project may have solves some environmental ethical issues that became a responsibilities among the big corporation.Differences in Experience and PerceptionChina viewing Coca-Col aMorality consists of rules of human behavior and also specifies that certain actions are wrong piece others are right. Actions can be seen and evaluated from moral perspective even in business since they involve human activity (George.R. 2005).Coca Cola has shown concern for the environment in China. The partnership between Coca Cola and WWF to protect Yangtze River is a non-profit one, which again reiterates Coca Colas concern about environmental issues. According to W. Michael Hoffman, a business has an obligation to keep the environment clean beyond what the law states. Companies should find methods to eradicate environmental problems caused by their production. Teleological ethics theory states that the consequence of an action will determine whether the action is good or evil. In the case of Coca Cola, if the teleological theory is applied, China will view Coca Cola as bad if the latter is polluting the environment.Moreover, Coca Cola owns around 33% of Chinas soda market. Th e companys representatives have predicted that there is still the possibility to grow. Products are being orient only for the Chinese citizens. Given that Coca Cola is planning to grow, this will create more employment in China. By operating in China, Coca Cola has a moral right towards the government and the citizens, and the company should aim should aim at improving their standard of living. (Shaw, Barry)However, China needs to take into consideration what happened in India. The company had to close down for causing water shortages, and also for ignoring social and environmental foundations of consumer trust. A company may have different factories around the world, but its vision and mission statement should be the same. Given that we can consider Coca Colas actions as unethical, theres a reason for the Chinese government and citizens to vex about the Coca Cola Company established in China. What has happened in India can again be connected to the teleological ethics theory sin ce the problems caused by Coca Cola has led to the closure of the company. As prescribed in this theory, only the ends or consequences of an action can determine whether the latter is good or evil.Coca-Cola viewing ChinaCoca-Cola has experienced thoughtless ethical troubles with its affiliation amid their stakeholders in China. It is eager to expand its business in china and one of the ways has been the partnership with WWF with intentions of creating a relationship of trust favorable in increasing its market in china. The company launched a communication program aimed at educating people along the Yangtze River about environmental concerns, river basin management and water management. This shows the companys intention in exploring the moral accountability to the community in situations people lack enough companionship about. One of the principles which separate this right action from wrong is utilitarianism which emphasizes on bringing most happiness for everyone if not majority of the people through our actions ( Shaw.W, Barry.V,2010). Hence, this program is beneficial to farmers and the ongoing three Gorges dam construction which will be providing electricity to the community.Furthermore, Coca Cola is under the broad view of corporate social responsibility which identifies this company as one pursuing profits as well as having other responsibilities to its consumers and society at large. As argued by Konosuke Matsushita any business should make service to society as its objective and while serving society, profits will be generated automatically (George.R, 2005). For example the company has helped WWF contribute a major role in the Yangtze River Forum through uniting on a recommendation to deliver the Chinese government for implementing pollution regulations, which apparently are fairly uneven in the country.We support the case of Coca Cola viewing China because companies are motivated to become more socially responsible to their most important stakehol ders such as consumers and the community because they expect them to understand and address the social issues relevant. In this case, Coca is contributing towards the conservation of the environment through the water security in China.Cross Cultural Ethical Decision-MakingThe business culture of a country is shaped by business practices and ways of thought process over a long period of time. Countries such as USA and China have different business cultures and ways of conducting their business partly because of their differences in history. Thus, it is absolutely vital for Coca-Cola and WWF to understand the cultures and practices of the Chinese society. In our orchestrate of view, Coca-Cola and WWF have been successful to a certain extent in cross-cultural ethical last making. The Chinese society believes that everything should be in harmony (Kaptein, 2004). The efforts of WWF in collaboration with Coca Cola to clean the waters of the Yangtze River can be viewed as a decision bas ed on the value of harmony within the Chinese society. This effort would thus be viewed as an ethical business conduct and cleanse the relationship between WWF and Coca Cola and China.The Chinese place high importance on human relationships or guanxi. As a allow for, the Chinese strive to work in groups to accomplish a common goal (Pitta, Fung Isberg, 1999). The groups in this scenario include a non-profit musical arrangement, WWF, a profit making organisation, Coca-Cola, and the Chinese society. The common goal of these three groups is to ensure clean water is running through the lifeblood of millions Chinese, the Yangtze River. Therefore, this is seen as an informed decision by WWF and Coca Cola based on a good understanding of an important Chinese culture.Based on an American culture, business relationships can be separated from personal relationships because business transactions are bounded by legal contracts (Trevino Brown, 2004). In negotiating contracts and business tra nsactions, signing a contract is seen by Americans as the final stage of business association. However, from the Chinese point of view, friendships are seen as lifetime commitments and as a first step to a deeper and improving relationship. The fact that Coca-Cola has been operating in China for so many years setting up 39 bottling plants is a testimony to Coca-Colas true understanding of the elements of friendship and negotiations within the business conduct of the Chinese society.Communication is seen as a way to bridge the gap that might exist between two different cultures. In their efforts to clean the Yangtze River, WWF and Coca Cola launched communication programs to set the Chinese communities about environmental issues. According to McWilliams and Siegel, the combination of communication and persuasion can help the understanding of the two parties concerned. This presents WWF and Coca-Cola with cross-cultural benefits as they are able to earn the trust of the Chinese socie ty by making efforts to improve the well being of China as a whole.Recently, the Chinese press were complimenting Coca-Colas effort in sponsoring Project Hope, a program that aims to improve education for disadvantaged children throughout China. The company aims to build 100 Project Hope Schools by 2011. This effort is in line with the Chinese culture of valuing and strengthening relationships. The news also highlighted that Coca Colas partnership with WWF to conserve the Yangtze River showed significant progress by galvanizing local anaesthetic communities to actively participate in river basin conservation (Press Release Coca Cola, 2010).Certain decisions made by WWF and Coca Cola were questionable as it did not fully consider the cross cultural implications. Firstly, Coca-Colas US$ 2.3 billion bid for China Huiyuan Juice suggested that the company was acting in its own self interest of gaining market share and monopolising the beverage industry in China. The Chinese society vie ws a sudden and substantial change such as the takeover as disruptive because it does not consider the notion of harmony. Coca-Cola were acting according to the theory put forward by Adam Smith who advocated the pursuit of maximum self interest or ethical egoism. According to Garrett Hardin, the tragedy of commons explains that each individual believes their use of commons only has its own negligible effect. However, the collective result can be of gradual damage or destruction which makes everyone worse off. The fact that Coca-Cola uses 290 billion litres of water a year for production, might indicate that the company themselves might be at fault for causing water pollution at the Yangtze River.http//www.thecoca-colacompany.com/presscenter/nr_20101029_china_investment.htmlregulation international Companies Balance Between Profits and EnvironmentMultinational companies usually generate huge profits every year while they also need to contribute to the gradual improvement in the envir onment. One of the ways to balance those two elements, that is profits and good environment, is through sustainable development. The latter should meet the needs of the present without compromising the future generations ability to meet their needs. (United Nations Brutland Report). sustainable development needs the integration of social, environmental and economic considerations to make long term decisions. As per Milton Friedman theory, the main social responsibility of a company is to summation profits. However, Coca Cola should make sure that it is not compromising the welfare future of Chinese citizens with its current production activities.Furthermore, there is the clich the business of business is business. (Business Ethics,, George). A corporation may ignore the moral demands of an individual, but it can hardly ignore the moral demands of the society it conducts its business in. This is because both parties are dependent on each other, for example in Japan, the business o f large corporations recently changed, not only to produce goods and services but to also to care for the companys stakeholder such as a guarantee of lifetime employment to employees while providing a conducive environment to the people living in the region it is operating.Multinational Corporations today have a renewed interest towards Corporate Social right instead of prioritising profits at the apex of their pyramid. Some MNCs use the Corporate Social Responsibility perspective as a strategic tool to attain economic objectives which is ultimately wealth creation. These MNCs follow the approach of economist Milton Friedman who philosophised that the only one responsibility of business towards society is the maximisation of profits to the shareholders within the legal framework and the ethical custom of the country. However, the interests of people who have a stake in the profligate also known as stakeholder must not be excluded by MNCs. Satisfying these interests will contribute in maximising the shareholder value (Odgen and Watson, 1999). An adequate level of investment in philanthropy and social activities will allow MNCs to bring in profits (McWilliams and Siegel, 2001). Stakeholders are the people who directly or indirectly affected an organisations actions, objectives and policies. MNCs owe a fiduciary duty towards stakeholders as they can bring profit to the company. There is a social contract between the organisation and society. A straightforward contribution in order to balance these two elements would be by maximising the shareholders value as the highest priority to evaluate circumstantial corporate social activity (Mele and Garringa, 2004). These values of shareholders may be seen from many different perspectives such as a greener environment. However, if this method imposes a cost or hinders the company from earning profit, it should be declined according to Milton Friedmans theory.

Social Welfare Past and Present Essay -- Papers History Aid Welfare Es

Social Welfare Past and PresentSocial benefit is an expansive system proposed to go along the well being of individuals within a society. This paper will explain the progression from the feudal system and church provisions for the low before the Elizabethan Poor Law to the gradual assumption of the responsibility for the poor by the government. A responsibility assumed not out of humanity and concern for the poor, and as a process of standardizing the ways in which the poor were to be managed. The history of affable eudaemonia reflects differences in values as they relate to social responsibility in taking care of the needy. Our society has been influenced by values like Judeo-Christian humanitarianism and the economic doctrine of laissez faire. Our present social welfare structure is also influenced by these values.Our English heritage has greatly affected social welfare today. Some of the standards set in England include indoor backup a national policy for the poor the provision of serving the poor by placing them in institutions and the categorization of the poor into two basic categorizes, the worthy poor and the able-bodied poor (unworthy poor). The Elizabethan Poor Law also set precedents which include clear government responsibility for those in need government dominance to force people to work government enforcement of family responsibility responsibility for carrying out programs at the local level and strict residence requirements.In England during the late 1700s there were other efforts that led to shaping the United States social welfare policies that address poverty. The Speenhamland Act of 1795 was one such effort. It provided for the payment of minimum wages to workers and their fam... ...ed that health problems and privation of affordable health care were barriers for many of the AFDC recipients to get off welfare. Clinton also wanted the states to play a wider role in the design of federal welfare programs. State and federa l legislation now focused on personal responsibility, limiting stays on public assistance and imposing far to a greater extent strict work requirements. These efforts to limit the federal role in services to the poor and to shift the responsibility to the states means that there are now fifty-one different welfare programs in the United States.Social welfare development in America has been fragmented and lacks comprehensive conceptual framework for its development. It continues to be in a constant state of evolution as the United States struggles with mitigating the effects of a market-based economy on certain segments of the population.

Essay --

Electronic health records or electronic medical records depending on where you be reading are becoming a growing trend in the health care field. When we go to the doctors plaza, we are familiar with a folder containing all(a) of our medical visits, immunizations we pay back received, and medical treatments we may have also received. All of this information is kept in a folder and either stored on site or it is sent off to a store facility. The new trend of electronic health records are suppose to simplify and make things a lot easier for both the patient and the health care workers. animadvert going to a doctors interlocking for a physical and your medical records were not present. There is no way for the doctors office and staff to know what shots you have received and needed to renew. This had actually happened to me. I went for a physical that is needed for the nursing program in November and my doctors office did not have my charts on hand and needed to request them from Iron Mountain. Why they didnt have it ready before my appointment, nobody knows and to this twenty-four hours are unable to answer. If they had transitioned to the electronic health recording, they would have been able to pull up my records right there and then. Instead, they had inconvenienced me (by having me come back) and set their schedules back because an early(a) appointment was needed to be rescheduled.Electronic health records are an electronic/digital version of a patients medical records. It is recorded in real time and is readily available as soon as it is updated. It is a secured digital way of keeping track of a patients medical records and completely authorized medical personnel are able to have access to them. Electronic health records was developed in ... ...t has also opened up other options for physicians like Filipiuk who cant adapt to the new system and have another way of getting their job completed.In conclusion, electronic health records are a new trend that will affect patients, health care providers and physicians in a positive way. It will allow a universal database for all health care providers to access and to have everyone on the same page. Patients and physicians will see improvement in quality and convenience of patient care, increased patient participation in their care, improved accuracy of diagnosis and health outcomes, improved care coordination, and increased practice efficiencies and cost savings. In order to increase cognizance of electronic health records, education is the central focus. Like with anything new, it will take time for patients, physicians, and health care providers to adjust.